CYCLOPINAE Kiefer, 1927 CYCLOPS O.F. Müller 1785 sensu Kiefer 1939 Type-species: Cyclops strenuus strenuus Fischer, 1851 (Kozminski, 1927) The taxonomy of the genus Cyclops has, in the past, greatly debated because of its extreme temporal and spatial variability. Particularly, morphometrical studies were carried out by numerous authors (Rzoska, 1930; Kozmimnski, 1927, 1936; Kiefer, 1939; Lindberg, 1957, Einsle, 1964, 1975). Chromatin-diminution studies were tentatively employed in order to clarify taxonomic problems within the genus by Beerman (1959, 1966) and Einsle (1964, 1975, 1980). More recently, Einsle (1985, 1988) pointed out a further criterion, useful in the taxonomy of the genus Cyclops, as well as of other cyclopininae genera, regarding the ornamentation of the coxopodite and connecting lamella (couplers) of the fourth swimming legs. Cyclops abyssorum s. l. G. O. Sars, 1863 According to Einsle (1975) and Kiefer (1978) this species-complex must include the following groups: 1. abyssorum group; 2. prealpinus group; 3. divulsus group 1. ABYSSORUM GROUP Cyclops abyssorum abyssorumG. O. sars, 1863 [Europe; URSS; oligotrophic lakes] Cyclops abyssorum medianus (Lindberg, 1949)[Groenland; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum sibiricus Lindberg, 1949 [Siberia; fresh waters] 2. PREALPINUS GROUP Cyclops abyssorum apenninae Lindberg, 1956 [Italy; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum bodanus (Kiefer, 1954) [Lake of Costance] Cyclops abyssorum bohemicus Sramek-Husek, 1937 [Czechoslovakia; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum carinthicus Lindberg, 1955 [Austria; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum laevis (Losito, 1902) [Italy; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum maiorus Lindberg, 1957 [Italy; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum novarensis Einsle, 1968 [Italy; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum prealpinus Kiefer, 1939 [Europe; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum prealpinus f. intermedius Dussart, 1979 [Spain; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum pyrenaicus Dussart, 1979 [Spain; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum tatricus (Kozminski, 1927) [Europe; Iran?; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum tatricus f. alpestris (Thiebaud, 1953) [Switzerland; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum tatricus f. tovelanus (Baldi, 1941) [Italy; lakes] Cyclops abyssorum vranae (Kozminski, 1927) [Yugoslavia; Italy?, fresh waters] ** 3. DIVULSUS GROUP Cyclops abyssorum corsicanus (Lindberg, 1955) [France, Corsica; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum divergens (Lindberg, 1936) [Europe, Asia, Africa; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum divulsus (Lindberg, 1956) [Europe; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum gracilipes (Sars, 1903) [Asia; fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum mauritaniae (Lindberg, 1950) [Africa, Morocco; fresh, ground waters] Cyclops abyssorum paternonis (Lindberg, 1956) [Italy, Sardinia, fresh waters] Cyclops abyssorum sevani (Meshkova, 1947) [Sevan Lake] OTHER SPECIES Cyclops ankyrae Mann, 1940 [Turkey, Makedonia; fresh waters] Cyclops philippinensis Marsh (?) Cyclops bohater bohater Kozminski, 1933 [Europe; fresh waters] Cyclops bohater ponorensis Naidenow & Pandourski, 1992 [Bulgaria; karstic waters] Cyclops canadensis Einsle, 1988 [Canada; lakes, ponds] Cyclops columbianus Lindberg, 1956 [Colombia, Canada; fresh waters] Cyclops phaleratus japonicus Kokubo (?) Cyclops flexipes Kokubo (?) Cyclops furcifer furcifer (Claus, 1857) [Europe, Asia, Africa; fresh waters] Cyclops furcifer borealis Lindberg, 1956 [Sweden; fresh waters] * Cyclops furcifer caspicus Lindberg, 1941 [Iran, Caspian Sea] * Cyclops glacialis Flobner, 2001 [Mongolia; lakes] Cyclops heberti Einsle, 1996 [Germany; ephemeral ponds] Cyclops hutchinsoni Kiefer, 1936 [India; fresh waters] Cyclops insignis Claus, 1857 [Europe, USA; fresh waters] Cyclops kolensis Lilljeborg, 1901 [Europe, Alaska?, Baikal] Cyclops kozminskii Lindberg, 1942 [Iran; fresh watres] *** Cyclops lacustris G. O. Sars, 1863 [north Europe, URSS; lakes] Cyclops ladakanus Kiefer, 1936 [India, China, Iran, Tajikistan; fresh waters] Cyclops lobosus (Kiefer, 1954) [Germany, France, China; fresh waters] Cyclops ochridanus Kiefer, 1932 [Yugoslavia, Ohrid lake] Cyclops pamirensis Gurvich, 1958 [Pamir; fresh waters] Cyclops ricae Monchenko, 1977 [Caucaso; lakes] Cyclops scutifer scutifer G. O. Sars, 1863 [Europe, USA; lakes] Cyclops scutifer wigrensis Kozminski, 1927 [Europe, URSS; fresh waters] Cyclops singularis Einsle, 1996 [Germany; ephemeral ponds] [PDF2] Cyclops smirnovi Rylov, 1948 [URSS; fresh waters] Cyclops soli Kokubo (?) Cyclops stagnalis Einsle, 1996 [Europe; fresh waters] Cyclops strenuus strenuus Fischer, 1851 (Kozminski, 1927) [cosmopolitan, except Australia?; fresh waters] Cyclops strenuus landei Kozminski, 1933 [Europe, Caucaso; lakes] Cyclops vicinus vicinus Ulianine, 1875 [Europe, Asia, Americas; fresh waters] (LEFT) Cyclops vicinus kikuchii Smirnov, 1932 [Europe, Japan; fresh waters] Cyclops vicinus lobosus Kiefer, 1954 [Lake of Costance] * These subspecies could be ascribed to the nominal species, since no genetic differences are present as compared to Cyclops furcifer (Kiefer, 1978) ** according to Einsle (1975) and Kiefer (1978) synonym of Cyclops abyssorum laevis *** = Acanthocyclops (Dussart & Defaye, 1985) INCERTAE SEDIS Cyclops quadricornis (Linné, 1758); Cyclops apus (Poda, 1761); Cyclops aquaticus (Baker, 1764); Cyclops navicularis Say, 1818; Cyclops geoffroyi Samuelle, 1819; Cyclops vulgaris Desmarest, 1825; Cyclops longispina Templeton, 1836; Cyclops similis Templeton, 1836, Cyclops obesicornis Templeton, 1836, Cyclops bistriatus Koch, 1838, Cyclops obsoletus Koch, 1838; Cyclops quadricornis Koch, 1838;Cyclops philippinensis Marsh (?) Cyclops pulchellus Koch, 1838; Cyclops pictus Koch, 1838; Cyclops vulgaris Koch, 1838; Cyclops setosus Haldeman, 1842; Cyclops vitiensis Dana, 1848; Cyclops mac-leayi Dana, 1848; Cyclops brasiliensis Dana, 1848; Cyclops curticaudus Dana, 1848; Cyclops pubescens Dana, 1848; Cyclops denticulatus Nicolet, 1849; Cyclops miles Nicolet, 1849; Cyclops quadricornis (Muller) var. elongata Baird, 1850; Cyclops diaphanus Fischer, 1853; Cyclops aurantius Fischer, 1860; Cyclops spinulosus Claus, 1863; Cyclops quadricornis (Muller) var. marmorata Saccardo, 1864; Cyclops coecus Pratz, 1866, Cyclops puteanus Frey, 1869; Cyclops ignaeus Poggenpol, 1874; Cyclops ornatus Poggenpol, 1874; Cyclops harpactoides Schmankevitch, 1875; Cyclops kryllei Studer, 1878; Cyclops bopsini Studer, 1878; Cyclops quadricornis Kellicott, 1878; Vorce, 1881; Cyclops dumasti Joly, 1883; Cyclops alpestris Daday, 1883; Cyclops nivalis Daday, 1883; C: hamatus Sowinsky, 1887; Cyclops intermedius Sowinsky, 1887; Cyclops puffini Thompson, 1888; Cyclops roumaniae Cosmovci, 1900; Cyclops cavernarum Ulrich, 1902; Cyclops learii Ulrich, 1902; Cyclops brevipes Brady, 1910; Cyclops nigeriae Brady, 1910. | PAGE UPDATED FEBRUARY 01. 2024 | Copyright © 1999-2024 G. 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