PARASTENOCARIDIDAE Chappuis, 1940
The family Parastenocarididae Chappuis, 1940, formerly Parastenocaridae Chappuis, 1933, is still in a confused taxonomic state (Reid, 1994; Martinez Arbizu, 1997). Jakobi (1972) suggested a new system for the family Parastenocarididae, splitting it into 26 new genera. This artificial system was strongly criticized by Schminke (1976) and numerous other authors (Cottarelli & Maiolini, 1980; Dumont, 1981; Dussart & Defaye, 1990; Rouch, 1986; Reid, 1994; Martinez Arbizu, 1997), and the family is still in course of revision (Schminke, 1993).
The Parastenocarididae is almost exclusively freshwater in distribution. Together with Canthocamptidae Brady 1880, they represent the most successful group of benthic freshwater harpacticoids in terms of diversity and aboundance.
At present, the family includes 241 species and subspecies (Gorgosinho et al. 2007) and the following valid genera (according to Gorgosinho et al. 2007 - [PDF]; see ICZN 1999 article 13): Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913; Forficatocaris Jakobi, 1969; Paraforficatocaris Jakobi, 1972;
Potamocaris Dussart, 1979 emend. Reid, 1991; Murunducaris Reid, 1994; Simplicaris Galassi & De Laurentiis, 2004; Remaneicaris Jakobi, 1972; Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972; Pararemaneicaris Jakobi, 1972. Parastenocaris is the most prolific and widespread genus, the other genera including fewer species, limited to the neotropical region.
 Forficatocaris Jakobi, 1969 Paraforficatocaris Jakobi, 1972 * Potamocaris Dussart, 1979; emend. Reid, 1991
Murunducaris Reid, 1994
Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913
Simplicaris Galassi & De Laurentiis, 2004 [PDF]
Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972
Pararemaneicaris Jakobi, 1972 *
Remaneicaris Jakobi 1972 [PDF]
*QUESTIONABLE GENERA (Gorgosinho, in litt.)
FORFICATOCARIS Jakobi, 1979
Forficatocaris amazonensis (Noodt, 1953) [south America; interstitial]
Forficatocaris affinis Dussart, 1983 [south America; brackish, interstitial]
Forficatocaris amazonensis (Noodt, 1953) [Brazil; interstitial]
Forficatocaris claudii Noodt, 1972 [Brazil; continental fresh waters]
Forficatocaris evelinae Noodt, 1972 [Brazil; continental fresh waters ]
Forficatocaris fittkaui Jakobi, 1972 [Brazil; continental fresh waters]
Forficatocaris forficata forficata (Noodt, 1963) [Brazil; fresh waters, interstitial]
Forficatocaris forficata crenensis Dussart, 1984 [south America; interstitial] [PDF]
Forficatocaris guarani (Noodt, 1963) [south America; lakes, interstitial]
Forficatocaris jakobii Noodt, 1972 [Brazil; continental fresh waters ]
Forficatocaris lilianae Noodt, 1972 [Brazil, continental fresh waters ]
Forficatocaris noodti Jakobi, 1969 [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Forficatocaris schadeni Reid, 1982 [Brazil; fresh waters, wet campos]
Forficatocaris tetracantha (Noodt, 1963) [south America, hyporheic]
WORLD KEY TO SPECIES OF FORFICATOCARIS IN: Reid J. W. 1982. Forficatocaris schadeni, a new copepod (Harpacticoida) from central Brazil, with keys to the species of the genus. J. Crust. Biol., 2 (4): 578-587.
BRASILIBATHYNELLOCARIS Jakobi, 1972
Brasilibathynellocaris brasilibathynellae Jakobi & Silva, 1962 [Brazil; fresh waters,dug wells]
PARAREMANEICARIS Jakobi, 1972
Pararemaneicaris cuscatlaensis (Noodt, 1965) [central America, psammon]
Pararemaneicaris santaremensis (Noodt, 1963) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
SIMPLICARIS Galassi & De Laurentiis, 2004
Simplicaris lethaea Galassi & De Laurentiis, 2004 [Italy; springs] [PDF]
Simplicaris veneris (Cottarelli & Maiolini, 1980) [central Italy; lakes, interstitial] [PDF]
PARAFORFICATOCARIS Jakobi, 1972
Paraforficatocaris paranaensis Jakobi, 1972 [Brazil;fresh waters, hyporheic]
MURUNDUCARIS Reid, 1994
Murunducaris juneae Reid, 1994 [Brazil; wet campos]
POTAMOCARIS Dussart, 1979; emend. Reid, 1991
Potamocaris bidens (Noodt, 1955) [Brazil; fresh waters, rivers interstitial]
Potamocaris bidentata (Dussart, 1981) [Argentina; hyporheic]
Potamocaris bifida Dussart, 1979 [Argentina; river interstitial]
Potamocaris cuiabaensis Reid, 1991 [Brazil; fresh waters, rivers interstitial]
Potamocaris estevesi Reid, 1991 [Brazil; fresh waters, rivers interstitial]
Potamocaris tridentata (Dussart,1981) [Argentina; hyporheic]
REMANEICARIS Jakobi, 1972 [PDF]
The genus Remaneicaris was proposed by Jakobi (1972) to accommodate the species included in the
“remanei-group” (Noodt 1963) together with some other neotropical species described subsequently. The
genus was revisited by Corgosinho & Martínez Arbizu (2005), who profoundly modified Jakobi’s concept in
excluding some species from the genus, including some new and formerly known parastenocaridids, and by
identifying some apomorphies which reveal its monophyletic status. Remaneicaris was considered valid by
the former authors because it is based on a valid type species, viz. Remaneicaris remanei (Noodt, 1963), and
therefore article 13 of ICZN (1999) applies (from: Gorgosinho et al. 2007).
Remaneicaris analuizae Corgosinho & Martinez-Arbizu, 2005 [Brazil; fresh waters, rivers interstitial] [PDF]
Remaneicaris argentina (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris ciliata (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris clandestina (Noodt, 1963) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris cordobaensis (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris divae (Noodt, 1972) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris drepanophora (Kiefer, 1967) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris euniceae Corgosinho & Martinez-Arbizu, 2005 [Brazil; fresh waters, rivers interstitial] [PDF]
Remaneicaris hecate (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris hexacantha (Kiefer, 1936) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris hurdi (Jakobi & Silva, 1962) [Brazil; fresh waters, wells]
Remaneicaris icoaraci (Noodt, 1963) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris ignotus (Dussart, 1983) [Argentina; brackish waters] [PDF]
Remaneicaris jujuyensis (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris juliae Gorgosinho et al., 2007 [Brazil; rivers] [PDF]
Remaneicaris membranacea (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris meyerabichi (Noodt, 1962) [central America; psammon?]
Remaneicaris oncophora (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris palaciosi (Noodt, 1962) [central America, psammon]
Remaneicaris paraensis (Noodt, 1963) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris paraguayensis (Noodt, 1963) [Paraguay; lakes]
Remaneicaris paratridactyla Gorgosinho et al., 2007 [Brazil; rivers] [PDF]
Remaneicaris persephone (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris pluto (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris psammae (Rouch, 1962) [south America; psammon]
Remaneicaris remanei (Noodt, 1963) [Paraguay; lakes]
Remaneicaris rhizophora (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris sanctiludovici (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris sierrae (Noodt, 1965) [Argentina; ground waters]
Remaneicaris tageae (Noodt, 1972) [Brazil; fresh waters, hyporheic]
Remaneicaris tridactyla Gorgosinho et al., 2007 [Brazil; rivers] [PDF]
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